相关单位和学院：

现荷兰TUDelft大学拟在我校招收2009年优秀硕士毕业生，赴该校攻读博士学位。录取者将获得TUDelft和国家留学基金委的资助。具体申请手续请登录国家留学基金委员会官方网站查看。可申请的研究领域为：水文水资源、水利工程、土木工程、港口工程等，详情请参阅附件。

申请者请与国际合作处联系。

联系人：吴老师

联系电话：83786341

国际合作处

2008年

City along the river
With the current increase of the discharge in the rivers and the rise of the sea
level the current flood defences have to be improved. The floods of 1993 and
1995 have jolt the government awake and gave them the awareness that the
current situation must be changed. However the current landscape completion
makes it impossible to adjust the traditional dikes and alternative solutions are
needed. Improving the flood defence is no longer only a water management and
hydraulic problem, but it has also become a problem of spatial completion and
design. Within this theme this dilemma will be investigated.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. K.G. Bezuyen, ir. W. Molenaar, ir. B. Stalenberg
Multiple spatial use: city along the Meuse
Since human mankind settlements were founded along rivers due to strategic
point of view. This occurred also along the Meuse. The settlements were founded
in gravel valley, such as Maastricht, or on high grounds such as sand ridges
more downstream. These settlements have grown into big cities where a large
part is founded on lower grounds and where the city has moved towards the river.
The city fronts of several cities along the Meuse cause bottle necks in the flow
profile of the river. Due to the rising water levels flood problems will occur. A
simple heightening of the flood defence is not possible.
This will give the challenge to generate innovative solutions for the typical
landscape in the Meuse valley. Insight is necessary of the flow area of the Meuse
and its cities. The emphasis lies in the design of the urban adjustment in such a
way that the safety is not decreased. The application of multi spatial use must not
be excluded.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. K.G. Bezuyen, ir. W. Molenaar, ir. B. Stalenberg
The floating city
The Water Management Commission 21ste century has pointed out that the
society has to change their opinion about the water issue. We should not defend
against water, but live with it! That is their motto. One wishes a water system with
no fighting against water but embracing it. The natural system will be followed
and water will be seen as an ally by filling the spatial use. Living on water and
along water is an important part of this philosophy.
Several concepts have been developed, which need further technical elaboration.
One of these concepts is the floating city.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. K.G. Bezuyen, ir. W. Molenaar, ir. B. Stalenberg
The floating port
Research is done on the feasibility of a floating commercial port at some distance
from the mainland. An important aspect of the port as a whole is flexibility, the
configuration should be relatively easily adaptable to the ever changing demands
of the port authorities. Besides that, the whole complex is literally in motion,
perhaps even permanently, due to wave and current forces. Underneath a
(incomplete) list of subjects that should be addressed creatively in order to be
able to realize a floating port:
Modular construction of a floating port terminal
Modular construction of a floating breakwater
Modular construction of a (floating) hinterland connection
The construction and the transport of elements of the floating port
The fixed points of the floating port - Stiff variant
The fixed points of the floating port - Flexible variant
The hinterland connection of the floating port - Floating variant
The hinterland connection of the floating port - Bridge or jetty variant
Think of alternatives or come up with (an) innovative construction(s) and work
these out in more detail in the framework of the floating port. Assuming the
presence of a floating port there inevitably are some effects or questions that
need looking into, or answering in relation to the structures designed:
What is the optimal size and shape of a floating port, what type of loads and what type of
vessels can be handled?
What is, in the light of the logistic chain as a whole, the best 'system' to transfer cargo
between the mainland and the floating port?
What are the morphological effects of large floating bodies?
What is the environmental impact, conduct an MER or EIA.
What are the necessary mitigating measures and demands that are required specifically for a
large floating structure?
Are multiple functional uses of the floating elements possible?
What are the costs of the construction, maintenance and possible future adaptations
compared to the traditional port expansions?
Depending on the chosen subject or the question to be answered, one will
cooperate with other groups both within and outside of the Hydraulic
Engineering department.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. W.F. Molenaar
Analysis of flood damage to buildings
An important cause of damage and loss of life due to floods is the collapse of buildings.
In this research, a method is developed for the analysis of damage to buildings due to
floods. Firstly, load factors that can lead to damage are investigated, e.g. flow velocity,
water depth, waves and debris impacts. Consequently, the strength of buildings and
failure mechanisms can be identified. The aim is to develop a generic method that can be
used for different flood types (flash flood, tsunami, polder flood) and building types.
Available information from damage to buildings during historical floods has to be
collected. Possibly, scale model test will have to be executed.
This research is executed in cooperation with Canadian partners (University of British
Columbia - Vancouver). Possibly, part of the study can be done in Canada, some funding
is available.
This project is especially suitable for a student in hydraulic engineering constructions
(constructieve waterbouwkunde) program. The project could also be suitable for two
students (one hydraulic engineering and one building / structural engineering).
Prof. J.K. Vrijling,ir. Bas Jonkman
Review of technical and financial aspects of
PAC's
The increasing price of conventional energy production and the growing amount of alternative (wind)
energy production gives new arguments to create a so called "Pomp Accumulatie Centrale or PAC"
(i.e. a pumped storage plant), because such a PAC can buffer the energy between market demands
and supply (nowadays at a European scale).
In the late 80-ties there were already feasybility studies undertaken (like Plan Lievense), but although
they give positive results, they have never been built, maybe because of the risk that the dike-ring may
collapse and give a kind of mini tsunami at the Dutch coast.
But this disadvantage has already been solved by the so called inverse "Valmeer" or bath tube
solution, where instead of a high waterlevel and dikes, the level inside the dike-ring is lowered for
about 40 meters. Maybe a combi-solution of new and old is also possible.
Now there is a new challenge for students, first to optimize the technical solutions and second to
check the feasibility with the present prices for energy generation and storage.
ir. A. van der Toorn, ir. J. van Duivendijk
Design of deep-freeze quaywall
The trend in ports is to build more flexible in relation to changes in the lay-out ,ships e.o.. A deepfreeze
quay wall could be a solution to increase the flexiblity in the ports. The aim of this masterthesis
is to develop different designs in relation to the use of the quay wall including an economic comparison
of the developed design alternatives.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling & ir. J.G. de Gijt
Horizontally installed slurry wall
Nowadays slurrywalls are installed vertically in sections, thus introducing connection troubles from
panel to panel. These connections may pose problems in regard to soiltightness. A possible alternative
as a construction method could be a continuously made slurrywall constructed horizontally. The aim of
this thesis to investigate the feasibility of this type of construction and make a costs comparison with
the existing vertical panel method.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling & ir. J.G. de Gijt
Comparative investigation of several design
recommendations for quaywalls with limited and
high retaining height
Several design recommendations are availalble today like EAU, CUR166, Handbook Quaywalls etc..
The aim of thesis is to inventarise the available design recommendations world wide. First an
inventarisation has to be made followed by comparative computations for a quaywall with a limitedand
one with a high retaining height. After evaluation of the results of these computations
recommendations have to be presented for harmonising the designrules also in relation to Eurocodes.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling & ir. J.G. de Gijt
Design of wooden quaywall
These days most of the quyawalls are constructed of steel and concrete or a combination of these
materials. The aim of this investigation is to design a wooden quaywall and make a comparison with
existing sctructures of concrete and steel. Within this study the enviromental aspects have to be taken
into due account. An economic evaluation is part of this study as well.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling & ir. J.G. de Gijt
The traditional rolling gate, which can be found in many maritime locks, requires a lot of space bides
the lock (chamber). By giving it a curvature it is possible to move it away in a more sideway direction
reducing the space required up to only 40% of the straight gate. To this date this type of gate has not
been used in the Netherlands. A first possibility would be the new lock in IJmuiden. An interesting
feasibility study in cooperation with Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat (Ministry of Public Works).
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. W.F. Molenaar, ir. A van der Toorn, ir. S. de Koning (BD-RWS)
Shiplift using a tumbling chamber
For recreational craft (pleziervaart), i.e. voor smaller locks, the combination of shiplift and the old
tradional portage (overtoom), resulting in the tumbling chamber, seems interesting. Elaboration of this
inventive idea into a structural design and proving its feasibility is a challenging Master thesis subject.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. W.F. Molenaar, ir. A. van der Toorn
Durability of concrete and reinforcement in
breakwater caissons
Caissons are designed for serviceability and ultimate limit state conditions. For
the serviceability limit state (SLS) a careful check on crack width, more specific
on crack initiation and (further) development, is required. Cracked concrete will
suffer from corrosion because salt water can reach the reinforcement. When the
corrosion process has started it is a matter of time for reinforcement and/or
structural failure. Possibly SLS will be governing and not ultimate limit state
(ULS). Questions to be answered:
・ How fast does corrosion develop after cracking of the concrete;
・ What would be the best design criterion from durability and risk point of
view;
・ Would it be feasible to prestress breakwater caissons.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. W.F. Molenaar, ir. A. van der Toorn
The Observational method as a means to cost and
risk reduction.
In the Netherlands it is customary to finalize the design all parts up to any details
before any construction takes place. This leads to the situation that any
information such as measuring data on deformation, forces, bending moments
etc that is gathered during construction does not contribute to improvement of the
design or reducing the risk; this can be regarded as a waste. E.g. for a deep
excavation for a building pit (Metro stations, North-Southline), de displacement of
the retaining wall or the measured strut forces might give information that might
lead to additional struts or on the contrary reducing the number of strut levels,
than assumed in design; saving on cost or reducing the risk. This concept can be
used in general e.g. the number of piles under the settlement free plate for the
HSL, long Quay walls, Piers, etc. Isn't it time to use the Observational method in
the Netherlands ?
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, ir. R.B.Jongejan, dr. ir. K.J. Bakker
Settlement related to soil retaining walls
The common used relations to predict settlements related to soil retaining walls
are derived by Prof Peck and published in 1969. Since then a number of new
methods have been developed for the design of Soil Retaining walls. The
subgrade reaction models among these did not have the option to predict surface
settlements, whereas the first Finite Element models that enabled to predict the
settlements, predicted a too wide and too shallow settlement profile due to the
insufficiencies of the simple Mohr-Coulomb model. However since than material
modelling has flourished and the newer constitutive models, such as the
Hardening Soil model, including small strain analysis give much better
predictions.
In the proposed study one might do research on 1) the applicability of the
empirical Peck relation for Dutch soil profiles; including an evaluation and
analysis of measured data. 2) The role of arching on wall friction in the process,
and 3) an evaluation of the best constitutive model(s) to be used for this type of
analysis. 4) A case study on how to predict the settlements, discounting for the
effect on existing buildings nearby.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, Dr.Ir K.J. Bakker Ing. H.J. Everts
Axial and lateral behaviour of tubular-pile
structures
It is observed from engineering practice that in design of tubular piled structures,
e.g. for guiding structures, scale effects might play a role. For the smaller
diameter piles it is common to design these for ultimate limit state criteria,
whereas, due to the longer elastic behaviour that is observed for the larger
diameters, it is realized that for these Serviceability limit state criteria have to be
used in order to limit the deformation in practice; so for these the final strain at
failure will never occur. It is realized that this ought to have its influence in the
process to derive an optimum design. Other effects that need to be considered
are buckling of the tube and eventually propping of the soil core. These effects
might be researched using 2D axi symmetric or 3D Finite Element analysis.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, Dr. ir. K.J. Bakker
Horizontal loading on Quay walls
An important part of the loading of a caisson breakwater, or a caisson quay wall
is the horizontal loading due to the back fill behind the caisson. For a preliminary
design of the bearing capacity of the subsoil, it is customary to use the classical
empirical equations by Brinch-Hansen, modified for the angle deviation of the
vertical loading by Meyerhoff. In literature, different solutions are known,
sometimes only slightly different if the deviation from the vertical loading is small.
However, the more the horizontal loading becomes important, the more these
slight differences may lead to different results. An alternative is to use numerical
analysis, e.g. Plaxis in order to evaluate the applicability of these empirical
models, for this type of structure. Ultimately also 3D effects in the design might
be analysed.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, Dr. ir. K.J. Bakker, ir. J. G. de Gijt
3D Analysis of Quay structures with a relief floor
using embedded elements
In the Rotterdam Harbour various different types of Quay walls have been
constructed in the past years. One of these is a combined wall with a relief floor
that reduces the soil loading on the deeper parts of the wall below the quay. One
of the characteristics of this type of structure is the use of long MV type of stress
anchors used to give anchor to the large horizontal forces on the structure due to
the soil retainment. In modern 3D Finite Element analysis; e.g. Plaxis, a new
development is the introduction of so-called embedded piles, which go straight
through the mesh used for the analysis of the soil deformations. Special
interfaces elements/relations are used to discount for the interaction with the soil.
This study is aimed on an evaluation of the applicability of this type of elements
for the design of the aforementioned quay-walls.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, Dr. ir. K.J. Bakker, ir. J. G. de Gijt
Functional design of Soil retaining structures
Different functional requirements may play a role in the design of a soil retaining
wall, e.g. for a bank protection this may be erosion or even aesthetics
(deformations). For an excavation; a building pit, this may be safety, water
retainment, either temporary or for the long run. In the proposed study the
challenge is to: 1) Develop an unambiguous 'product model' for a retaining wall,
based on the various different requirements that may play a role. 2) do research
on the influence of parameter choice for the customary design models (or models
of analysis), on the predictability of the Serviceability Limit state (deformation
criteria).
Engineering experience more or less indicated that the presently used design
models overestimate deformations. 3) To do research on the applicability of
improved constitutive models to derive a better prediction of deformations.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, Dr. ir. K.J. Bakker, Ing. H.J. Everts
Soil parameters for the design of piled guidance
structures
For the design of guidance works it is customary to use the computer program
TILLY/BOTS to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the structure. In practice it
appears to be difficult to derive the representative parameters for the design. It is
thought that in engineering practice this may lead to a (too) conservative design
approach. The project will be in cooperation with the structural engineering
division of Rijkswaterstaat.
Prof.drs.ir. J.K. Vrijling, Dr. ir. K.J. Bakker, ir. Vrijburcht
Standards for the maintenance management of
quaywalls in the Port of Rotterdam
Problem definition:
Quaywalls are very important assets for the Port of Rotterdam, because they are
the hart of the port, where transport modalities meet each other. The quays
facilitate the berthing of ships, the transhipment, storing and transport of goods
by road, railroad, inlandvessels or pipelines. The total amount of quaywalls is
about 75 (!)km.
Quaywalls ask for a hugh investment of about 15-20 miljoen Euro's per
berthingplace and so need any after-care in the way of inspection and
maintenance to reach their designlife of 50 years or more. Fortunately quaywalls
are robust structures, though designed in two dimensions they actualy bear their
loads in a three dimensional way, so local overloading or weakness will mostly
be compensated in combination with any extra settlements.
Yet in the course of time there may be some serious loss of strength and stability
possible, because of degradation mechanisms like corrosion, chloride penetraton,
scour, etc.
In that cases the problem for the maintenance manager is how much degradation
in combination with some overloading is acceptable, with regard to functional
requirements and remaining lifetime.
Scope of work:
So the Port of Rotterdam needs a set of standards and a formalised receipt
based on requirements of all relevant stakeholders to judge the ageing quaywalls
and their decisive parts not ony for safety, but also for serviceability, durability,
etc.
Prof. J.K. Vrijling, Prof. A.C.W.M. Vrouwenvelder, Ir. A. van der Toorn, Ir J.G. de Gijt
Design of the hydraulic infrastructure for a ‘blue’
energy plant at the mouth of the river Rhine.
The assignment for this study is the design of an osmotic power plant with the adjacent hydraulic
structures on the 2e Maasvlakte or near the sluices of the Haringvliet.
Starting point of the study is a feasibility study by Rijkswaterstaat on blue power in the Afsluitdijk.
The study should be performed under the guidance and at the office of Rijkswaterstaat Bouwdienst,
department of Hydraulical Engineering and Environment in Utrecht.
More information via this link Blue energy plant Blackboard versie.pdf or:
Ir. H. van Duivendijk (TU Delft, Energiewaterbouwkunde), Drs L.A. van Geldermalsen
(Rijkswaterstaat Bouwdienst)